Faka isixhumi sokutshaja, kodwa asinakutshajwa, ndingenza ntoni?
Ukongeza kwingxaki yenqwaba yokutshaja okanye isekethe yombane ngokwayo, abanye abanini beemoto abasandula ukufumana imoto banokudibana nale meko xa betshaja okokuqala. Akukho kutshaja kufunwayo. Kukho izizathu ezintathu ezinokubangela le meko: inqwaba yokutshaja ayimi kakuhle, i-voltage yokutshaja iphantsi kakhulu, kwaye iswitshi yomoya (i-circuit breaker) incinci kakhulu ukuba ingakhubeka.
1. Itshaja ye-EV ayiqiniswanga kakuhle
Ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko, xa kutshajwa izithuthi ezintsha zombane, isekethe yombane kufuneka ibekwe phantsi ngokufanelekileyo, ukuze ukuba kukho ukuvuza ngengozi (njengokuvuza okukhulu kombane kwisithuthi sombane okubangela ukusilela kokufakelwa kwe-insulation phakathi kwentambo ye-AC ephilayo kunye nomzimba), umsinga wokuvuza ungashiywa ubuyele kumbane osasazwayo ngentambo yomhlaba. Isiphelo asiyi kuba yingozi xa abantu besichukumisa ngengozi ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kwetshaja yombane evuzayo kwisithuthi.
Ngoko ke, kukho izinto ezimbini ezifunekayo ukuze kubekho ingozi yobuqu ebangelwa kukuvuza: ① Kukho umbane ongasebenzi kakuhle kwisithuthi; ② Inqwaba yokutshaja ayinalo ukhuselo lokuvuza okanye ukhuseleko lokuvuza aluphumeleli. Amathuba okuba ezi ntlobo zimbini zengozi zenzeke aphantsi kakhulu, kwaye amathuba okuba kwenzeke ngaxeshanye yi-0.
Kwelinye icala, ngenxa yezizathu ezinje ngeendleko zokwakha kunye nenqanaba labasebenzi kunye nomgangatho, ulwakhiwo oluninzi lombane lwasekhaya kunye neziseko zombane alugqitywanga ngokuhambelana neemfuno zokwakha. Kukho iindawo ezininzi apho umbane ungafakwanga siseko ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye akukho ngqiqweni ukunyanzela ezi ndawo ukuba ziphucule isiseko ngenxa yokwanda kancinci kwezithuthi zombane. Ngokusekelwe koku, kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa iinqwaba zokutshaja ezingenamhlaba ukutshaja izithuthi zombane, ukuba iinqwaba zokutshaja kufuneka zibe nesekethe yokukhusela ukuvuza ethembekileyo, ukuze nokuba isithuthi sombane esitsha samandla sinokusilela kokufakelwa kunye nokudibana ngengozi, kuya kuphazamiseka ngexesha. Vula isekethe yombane ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomntu. Njengokuba kunjalo nangona amakhaya amaninzi kwiindawo zasemaphandleni engafakwanga siseko ngokufanelekileyo, amakhaya axhotyiswe ngezikhuseli zokuvuza, ezinokukhusela ukhuseleko lomntu nokuba kwenzeka ukutshaja ngombane ngengozi. Xa inqwaba yokutshaja inokutshaja, kufuneka ibe nomsebenzi wesilumkiso ongafakwanga siseko ukwazisa umsebenzisi ukuba ukutshaja okwangoku akufakwanga siseko ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuba uqaphele kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okhuseleko.
Ukuba kukho impazamo emhlabeni, inqwaba yokutshaja isenokutshaja imoto yombane. Nangona kunjalo, isalathisi sempazamo siyakhanya, kwaye isikrini sokubonisa silumkisa ngokumiswa okungaqhelekanga komhlaba, okukhumbuza umnini ukuba anikele ingqalelo kumanyathelo okhuseleko.
2. I-voltage yokutshaja iphantsi kakhulu
I-voltage ephantsi sesinye isizathu esiphambili sokungatshaji kakuhle. Emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba impazamo ayibangelwanga kukungagungqi, i-voltage iphantsi kakhulu isenokuba sisizathu sokungaphumeleli ukutshaja ngokuqhelekileyo. I-voltage ye-AC yokutshaja inokujongwa ngenqwaba yokutshaja ngesikrini okanye ulawulo oluphakathi lwesithuthi esitsha samandla ombane. Ukuba inqwaba yokutshaja ayinasikrini sokubonisa kwaye ulawulo oluphakathi lwesithuthi esitsha samandla ombane alunalwazi nge-voltage ye-AC yokutshaja, kufuneka i-multimeter ukuze ilinganiswe. Xa i-voltage ngexesha lokutshaja ingaphantsi kwe-200V okanye ingaphantsi kwe-190V, inqwaba yokutshaja okanye imoto inokuxela impazamo kwaye ayinakutshajwa.
Ukuba kuqinisekisiwe ukuba i-voltage iphantsi kakhulu, kufuneka isonjululwe kwiinkalo ezintathu:
A. Jonga iinkcukacha zentambo ethatha umbane. Ukuba usebenzisa i-16A ukutshaja, intambo kufuneka ibe yi-2.5mm² okanye ngaphezulu; ukuba usebenzisa i-32A ukutshaja, intambo kufuneka ibe yi-6mm² okanye ngaphezulu.
B. I-voltage yesixhobo sombane sasekhaya ngokwayo iphantsi. Ukuba kunjalo, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuba intambo ekwicala lasekhaya ingaphezulu kwe-10mm², kwaye ingaba kukho izixhobo zombane ezinamandla aphezulu na endlwini.
C. Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kombane okuphezulu, ixesha lokusetyenziswa kombane eliphezulu lidla ngokuba phakathi kwe-6:00 pm ukuya kwi-10:00 pm. Ukuba i-voltage iphantsi kakhulu ngeli xesha, ingabekwa ecaleni kuqala. Ngokubanzi, inqwaba yokutshaja iya kuqalisa ngokutsha ukutshaja ngokuzenzekelayo emva kokuba i-voltage ibuyele kwisiqhelo.
Xa ingatshaji, i-voltage yi-191V kuphela, kwaye i-voltage yokulahleka kwentambo iya kuba sezantsi xa itshaja, ngoko ke inqwaba yokutshaja ibika ukuba kukho impazamo ye-undervoltage ngeli xesha.
3. Iswitshi yomoya (i-circuit breaker) ikhubekile
Ukutshaja kwezithuthi zombane kuxhomekeke kumbane onamandla aphezulu. Ngaphambi kokuba utshaje imoto yombane, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba iswitshi yomoya echanekileyo isetyenzisiwe. Ukutshaja kwe-16A kufuna iswitshi yomoya engama-20A okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye ukutshaja kwe-32A kufuna iswitshi yomoya engama-40A okanye ngaphezulu.
Kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba ukutshaja kwezithuthi zombane ezisebenzisa amandla amatsha ngumbane onamandla aphezulu, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke isekethe kunye nezixhobo zombane: iimitha zombane, iintambo, iiswitshi zomoya, iiplagi kunye neesokethi kunye nezinye izinto ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokutshaja. Leliphi inxalenye engacwangciswanga kakuhle, leliphi inxalenye enokuthi itshise okanye ingasebenzi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-30-2023