Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba isithuthi esitsha sombane esisebenza ngamandla sitshajwe ngokupheleleyo?
Kukho ifomula elula yexesha lokutshaja kwezithuthi zombane ezintsha ezisebenzisa amandla:
Ixesha lokutshaja = Amandla ebhetri / Amandla okutshaja
Ngokwale fomula, singabala ngokuthe ngqo ukuba kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukutshaja ngokupheleleyo.
Ukongeza kumthamo webhetri kunye namandla okutshaja, anxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nexesha lokutshaja, ukutshaja okulinganiselayo kunye nobushushu obuphakathi nazo zizinto eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela ixesha lokutshaja.
1. Umthamo webhetri
Umthamo webhetri yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokulinganisa ukusebenza kwezithuthi zombane ezintsha. Ngamafutshane, okukhona umthamo webhetri umkhulu, kokukhona umgama wokuhamba ngombane ococekileyo wemoto uphezulu, kwaye ixesha lokutshaja elifunekayo lide; okukhona umthamo webhetri uncinci, kokukhona umgama wokuhamba ngombane ococekileyo wemoto uphantsi, kwaye kokukhona ixesha lokutshaja elifunekayo lifutshane. Umthamo webhetri wezithuthi zombane ezintsha ococekileyo uhlala uphakathi kwe-30kWh kunye ne-100kWh.
umzekelo:
① Umthamo webhetri yeChery eQ1 yi-35kWh, kwaye ubomi bebhetri yi-301 km;
② Umthamo webhetri yenguqulelo yobomi bebhetri yeTesla Model X yi-100kWh, kwaye uluhlu lokuhamba ngenqanawa lufikelela kwiikhilomitha ezingama-575.
Umthamo webhetri yesithuthi esitsha esidibanisa amandla esifana ne-plug-in umncinci kakhulu, ngokubanzi uphakathi kwe-10kWh kunye ne-20kWh, ngoko ke uluhlu lwayo lokuhamba ngombane olucocekileyo nalo luphantsi, ludla ngokuba ziikhilomitha ezingama-50 ukuya kwezili-100.
Kwimodeli efanayo, xa ubunzima besithuthi kunye namandla enjini zifana ngokusisiseko, okukhona amandla ebhetri emakhulu, kokukhona uluhlu lokuhamba ngenqanawa luphezulu.
Uhlobo lwe-BAIC New Energy EU5 R500 lunobomi bebhetri obuziikhilomitha ezingama-416 kunye nomthamo webhetri oyi-51kWh. Uhlobo lwe-R600 lunobomi bebhetri obuziikhilomitha ezingama-501 kunye nomthamo webhetri oyi-60.2kWh.
2. Amandla okutshaja
Amandla okutshaja lolunye uphawu olubalulekileyo oluchaza ixesha lokutshaja. Kwimoto efanayo, amandla okutshaja aphezulu, kokukhona ixesha lokutshaja lifutshane. Amandla okutshaja okwenyani esithuthi esitsha sombane samandla anefuthe ezimbini: amandla aphezulu enqwaba yokutshaja kunye namandla aphezulu okutshaja kwe-AC yesithuthi sombane, kwaye amandla okutshaja okwenyani athatha amaxabiso amancinci kula mabini.
A. Amandla aphezulu enqwaba yokutshaja
Amandla etshaja ye-AC EV eqhelekileyo yi-3.5kW kunye ne-7kW, umbane wokutshaja ophezulu we-3.5kW EV Charger yi-16A, kwaye umbane wokutshaja ophezulu we-7kW EV Charger yi-32A.
B. Amandla aphezulu okutshaja i-AC yesithuthi sombane
Umda wamandla ophezulu wokutshaja kwe-AC kwizithuthi zombane ezitsha ubonakala kakhulu kwiinkalo ezintathu.
① Izibuko lokutshaja le-AC
Iinkcukacha zezibuko zokutshaja ze-AC zihlala zifumaneka kwileyibhile yezibuko ze-EV. Kwizithuthi zombane ezicocekileyo, inxalenye yesixhobo sokutshaja yi-32A, ngoko ke amandla okutshaja anokufikelela kwi-7kW. Kukwakho nezinye iindawo zokutshaja zezithuthi zombane ezicocekileyo ezine-16A, ezifana neDongfeng Junfeng ER30, apho amandla ayo aphezulu okutshaja yi-16A kwaye amandla ayi-3.5kW.
Ngenxa yomthamo omncinci webhetri, imoto ye-plug-in hybrid ixhotyiswe nge-16A AC charging interface, kwaye amandla aphezulu okutshaja amalunga ne-3.5kW. Inani elincinci leemodeli, ezifana ne-BYD Tang DM100, zixhotyiswe nge-32A AC charging interface, kwaye amandla aphezulu okutshaja anokufikelela kwi-7kW (malunga ne-5.5kW ilinganiswa ngabakhweli).
② Umlinganiselo wamandla kwitshaja ekwibhodi
Xa usebenzisa i-AC EV Charger ukutshaja izithuthi zombane ezitsha zamandla, imisebenzi ephambili ye-AC EV Charger kukubonelela ngombane kunye nokukhusela. Icandelo eliguqula umbane kwaye liguqule umbane otshintshanayo ube ngumbane othe ngqo wokutshaja ibhetri yitshaja esebhodini. Ukuncitshiswa kwamandla kwitshaja esebhodini kuya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ixesha lokutshaja.
Umzekelo, i-BYD Song DM isebenzisa i-interface yokutshaja ye-16A AC, kodwa umsinga wokutshaja ophezulu unokufikelela kwi-13A kuphela, kwaye amandla alinganiselwe kwi-2.8kW ~ 2.9kW. Isizathu esiphambili kukuba itshaja ekwibhodini inciphisa umsinga wokutshaja ophezulu ukuya kwi-13A, ngoko ke nangona inqwaba yokutshaja ye-16A isetyenziselwa ukutshaja, umsinga wokutshaja wokwenyani yi-13A kwaye amandla amalunga ne-2.9kW.
Ukongeza, ngenxa yokhuseleko nezinye izizathu, ezinye izithuthi zinokuseta umda wamandla okutshaja ngokusebenzisa ulawulo oluphakathi okanye i-APP yeselula. NjengeTesla, umda wamandla unokumiselwa ngokusebenzisa ulawulo oluphakathi. Xa inqwaba yokutshaja inokubonelela ngombane ophezulu we-32A, kodwa umsinga wokutshaja umiselwe kwi-16A, uya kutshaja kwi-16A. Ngokwenyani, useto lwamandla lukwamisela umda wamandla wetshaja ekwibhodi.
Ukushwankathela: umthamo webhetri yohlobo oluqhelekileyo lwemodeli3 umalunga ne-50 KWh. Ekubeni itshaja ekwibhodi ixhasa umbane wokutshaja ophezulu we-32A, into ephambili echaphazela ixesha lokutshaja yinqwaba yokutshaja ye-AC.
3. Ukulinganisa iNtlawulo
Ukutshaja okulinganiselweyo kubhekisa ekuqhubekeni nokutshaja ixesha elithile emva kokuba kugqityiwe ukutshaja ngokubanzi, kwaye inkqubo yolawulo lwepakethi yebhetri ene-voltage ephezulu iya kulinganisela iseli nganye yebhetri ye-lithium. Ukutshaja okulinganiselweyo kunokwenza i-voltage yeseli nganye yebhetri ifane, ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwepakethi yebhetri ene-voltage ephezulu. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokutshaja kwesithuthi linokuba malunga neeyure ezi-2.
4. Ubushushu obuphakathi
Ibhetri yamandla yesithuthi esitsha sombane samandla yibhetri ye-ternary lithium okanye ibhetri ye-lithium iron phosphate. Xa ubushushu buphantsi, isantya sokuhamba kwee-ion ze-lithium ngaphakathi kwebhetri siyancipha, impendulo yeekhemikhali iyancipha, kwaye amandla ebhetri aphantsi, nto leyo eya kukhokelela kwixesha elide lokutshaja. Ezinye izithuthi ziya kufudumeza ibhetri kubushushu obuthile ngaphambi kokutshaja, nto leyo eya kwandisa ixesha lokutshaja kwebhetri.
Kuyabonakala koku kungasentla ukuba ixesha lokutshaja elifunyenwe kumthamo webhetri/amandla okutshaja liyafana nexesha lokutshaja langempela, apho amandla okutshaja emancinci kumandla enqwaba yokutshaja ye-AC kunye namandla etshaja esebhodini. Xa ucinga ngokutshaja ngokulinganayo kunye nobushushu obuphakathi bokutshaja, ukuphambuka ngokusisiseko kungaphakathi kweeyure ezi-2.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-30-2023