Ngomhla we-13 kuSeptemba, uMphathiswa wezoShishino noLwazi ubhengeze ukuba i-GB/T 20234.1-2023 "Izixhobo zoQhagamshela zokuTshaja iiMoto zoMbane eziQhubayo Icandelo loku-1: Injongo Jikelele" isandul' ukucetyiswa yiSebe lezoShishino noLwazi kwaye iphantsi kolawulo lweKomiti yoBugcisa yeSizwe yoMigangatho weeMoto. Iimfuneko" kunye ne-GB/T 20234.3-2023 "Izixhobo zoQhagamshela zokuTshaja iiMoto zoMbane eziQhubayo Icandelo lesi-3: i-DC Charging Interface" imigangatho emibini yesizwe ecetyiswayo ikhutshwe ngokusemthethweni.
Ngelixa ndilandela izisombululo zobugcisa ze-DC charging interface zelizwe lam ngoku kwaye ndiqinisekisa ukuhambelana ngokubanzi kwe-charging interfaces ezintsha nezindala, umgangatho omtsha wonyusa umsinga wokutshaja ophezulu ukusuka kwi-250 amps ukuya kwi-800 amps kunye namandla okutshaja ukuya kwi-800 kw, kwaye yongeza ukupholisa okusebenzayo, ukujonga ubushushu kunye nezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene noko. Iimfuno zobugcisa, ukwenziwa ngcono kunye nokuphuculwa kweendlela zovavanyo kwiimpawu zoomatshini, izixhobo zokutshixa, ubomi benkonzo, njl.njl.
UMphathiswa wezeMizi-mveliso kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi ubonise ukuba imigangatho yokutshaja sisiseko sokuqinisekisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwezithuthi zombane kunye neendawo zokutshaja kunye nokutshaja okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, njengoko uluhlu lokuqhuba lwezithuthi zombane lusanda kwaye izinga lokutshaja kweebhetri zamandla lisanda, abathengi banemfuno enamandla ngakumbi yokuba izithuthi zizalise amandla ombane ngokukhawuleza. Ubuchwepheshe obutsha, iifomathi ezintsha zoshishino, kunye neemfuno ezintsha ezimelwe "kukutshaja kwe-DC enamandla aphezulu" ziyaqhubeka nokuvela, kuye kwaba yimvumelwano ngokubanzi kushishino ukukhawulezisa ukuhlaziywa kunye nokuphuculwa kwemigangatho yokuqala enxulumene neendawo zokutshaja.
Ngokwenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yokutshaja iimoto zombane kunye nemfuno yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, uMphathiswa wezeMicimbi yoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi ulungiselele iKomiti yoBugcisa yeSizwe yokuMiselwa kweeMoto ukuba igqibezele ukuhlaziywa kwemigangatho emibini yesizwe ecetyiswayo, ukufezekisa uphuculo olutsha kwinguqulelo yokuqala ka-2015 yesicwangciso somgangatho wesizwe (esaziwa ngokuba ngumgangatho "ka-2015 +"), okulungele ukuphucula ngakumbi ukuguquguquka kokusingqongileyo, ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo zoqhagamshelo lokutshaja eziqhubayo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokwenyani zokutshaja kwe-DC enamandla aphantsi kunye namandla aphezulu.
Kwinyathelo elilandelayo, uMphathiswa wezeMizi-mveliso noLwazi lweTekhnoloji uza kulungiselela iiyunithi ezifanelekileyo ukwenza upapasho olunzulu, ukhuthazo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemigangatho emibini yesizwe, ukukhuthaza ukukhuthazwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kokutshaja kwe-DC enamandla aphezulu kunye nezinye iitekhnoloji, kunye nokudala imeko-bume yophuhliso esemgangathweni ophezulu kwishishini lezithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye neshishini leendawo zokutshaja. Indawo entle. Ukutshaja kancinci bekusoloko kuyinto ebalulekileyo kwishishini lezithuthi zombane.
Ngokwengxelo yeSoochow Securities, izinga lokutshaja eliphakathi leemodeli ezithengisa kakhulu ezixhasa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza ngo-2021 limalunga ne-1C (uC umele izinga lokutshaja kwenkqubo yebhetri. Ngokwemigaqo yabantu abaqhelekileyo, ukutshaja kwe-1C kunokutshaja inkqubo yebhetri ngokupheleleyo kwimizuzu engama-60), oko kukuthi, kuthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ukutshaja ukufikelela kwi-SOC 30%-80%, kwaye ubomi bebhetri bumalunga ne-219km (umgangatho we-NEDC).
Enyanisweni, uninzi lweemoto zombane ezicocekileyo zifuna imizuzu engama-40-50 yokutshaja ukuze zifikelele kwi-SOC 30%-80% kwaye zinokuhamba malunga ne-150-200km. Ukuba ixesha lokungena nokuphuma kwisikhululo sokutshaja (malunga nemizuzu eli-10) lifakiwe, isithuthi sombane esicocekileyo esithatha malunga neyure ukutshaja sinokuqhuba kuphela kwindlela enkulu malunga neyure e-1.
Ukukhuthazwa nokusetyenziswa kwezobuchwepheshe ezifana nokutshaja kwe-DC enamandla aphezulu kuya kufuna ukuphuculwa ngakumbi kwenethiwekhi yokutshaja kwixesha elizayo. UMphathiswa Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe ngaphambili wazise ukuba ilizwe lam ngoku lakhe inethiwekhi yesikhungo sokutshaja enenani elikhulu lezixhobo zokutshaja kunye nendawo enkulu yokugubungela. Uninzi lwezixhobo ezintsha zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke ikakhulu zizixhobo zokutshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC ezine-120kW okanye ngaphezulu.Iinqwaba zokutshaja kancinci ze-7kW ACziye zaba yinto eqhelekileyo kwicandelo labucala. Ukusetyenziswa kokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC kuye kwathandwa kakhulu kwicandelo lezithuthi ezikhethekileyo. Izibonelelo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke zinenethiwekhi yeqonga lelifu yokujonga ngexesha langempela. Izakhono, ukufumana iinqwaba ze-APP kunye nentlawulo kwi-intanethi ziye zasetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye ubuchwepheshe obutsha obufana nokutshaja ngamandla aphezulu, ukutshaja kwe-DC ngamandla aphantsi, uqhagamshelo lokutshaja oluzenzekelayo kunye nokutshaja ngocwangco ziyaphucuka kancinci kancinci.
Kwixesha elizayo, iSebe lezeNzululwazi nobuChwepheshe liza kugxila kwiiteknoloji eziphambili kunye nezixhobo zokutshaja kunye nokutshintshana ngokubambisana okusebenzayo, njengeeteknoloji eziphambili zokunxibelelana kwefu leemoto, iindlela zokucwangcisa izakhiwo zokutshaja kunye neeteknoloji zolawulo lokutshaja ngocwangco, iiteknoloji eziphambili zokutshaja ngaphandle kwentambo ezinamandla aphezulu, kunye neeteknoloji eziphambili zokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza iibhetri zamandla. Qinisa uphando lwesayensi nolweteknoloji.
Kwelinye icala,ukutshaja kwe-DC enamandla aphezuluibeka iimfuno eziphezulu ekusebenzeni kweebhetri zamandla, izinto eziphambili zezithuthi zombane.
Ngokutsho kohlalutyo lweSoochow Securities, okokuqala, ukunyusa izinga lokutshaja kwebhetri kuyaphikisana nomgaqo wokunyusa uxinano lwamandla, kuba izinga eliphezulu lifuna amasuntswana amancinci ezinto ze-electrode ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zebhetri, kwaye uxinano lwamandla aphezulu lufuna amasuntswana amakhulu ezinto ze-electrode ezilungileyo nezingalunganga.
Okwesibini, ukutshaja okuphezulu kwimeko enamandla aphezulu kuya kuzisa iimpendulo ezimbi kakhulu ze-lithium deposition kunye nemiphumo yokuvelisa ubushushu kwibhetri, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni ukhuseleko lwebhetri.
Phakathi kwazo, izinto ze-electrode zebhetri ezingezizo zezona zinto ziphambili ezithintela ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-graphite ye-electrode engezizo yenziwe ngamaphepha e-graphene, kwaye ii-ion ze-lithium zingena kwiphepha ngeemiphetho. Ke ngoko, ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, i-electrode engezizo ifikelela ngokukhawuleza kumda wokukwazi kwayo ukufunxa ii-ion, kwaye ii-ion ze-lithium ziqala ukwenza i-lithium yesinyithi esomeleleyo phezulu kwamasuntswana e-graphite, oko kukuthi, ukwenziwa kwe-Lithium precipitation side reaction. I-Lithium precipitation iya kunciphisa indawo esebenzayo ye-electrode engezizo ze-lithium ions eziza kufakwa. Kwelinye icala, inciphisa amandla ebhetri, yonyusa ukumelana kwangaphakathi, kwaye ifinyeze ubomi. Kwelinye icala, iikristale ze-interface ziyakhula kwaye zigqobhoze i-separator, zichaphazela ukhuseleko.
UNjingalwazi Wu Ningning kunye nabanye abavela kwiShanghai Handwe Industry Co., Ltd. nabo babhale ngaphambili ukuba ukuze kuphuculwe amandla okutshaja ngokukhawuleza kweebhetri zamandla, kuyimfuneko ukwandisa isantya sokufuduka kwee-ion ze-lithium kwizinto ze-cathode zebhetri kunye nokukhawulezisa ukufakwa kwee-ion ze-lithium kwizinto ze-anode. Phucula ukuhanjiswa kwe-ionic kwe-electrolyte, khetha isahluli sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, uphucule ukuhanjiswa kwe-ionic kunye ne-elektroniki kwe-electrode, kwaye ukhethe icebo elifanelekileyo lokutshaja.
Nangona kunjalo, into abathengi abanokulindela kuyo kukuba ukusukela kunyaka ophelileyo, iinkampani zebhetri zasekhaya ziqalile ukuphuhlisa nokusebenzisa iibhetri ezitshaja ngokukhawuleza. Ngo-Agasti kulo nyaka, i-CATL ephambili ikhuphe ibhetri ye-4C Shenxing etshaja kakhulu esekwe kwinkqubo ye-lithium iron phosphate (i-4C ithetha ukuba ibhetri inokutshaja ngokupheleleyo kwikota yeyure), enokufikelela kwisantya sokutshaja "semizuzu eli-10 kunye nobubanzi be-400 kw". Phantsi kobushushu obuqhelekileyo, ibhetri inokutshaja ukuya kwi-80% SOC kwimizuzu eli-10. Kwangaxeshanye, i-CATL isebenzisa iteknoloji yokulawula ubushushu beseli kwiqonga lenkqubo, enokufudumala ngokukhawuleza ukuya kuluhlu olufanelekileyo lobushushu bokusebenza kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi. Kwanakwindawo enobushushu obuphantsi be--10°C, inokutshaja ukuya kwi-80% kwimizuzu engama-30, kwaye kwanakwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi, ukukhawuleziswa kwesantya esingaphantsi kwe-Zero-1000 akuboli kwimeko yombane.
Ngokutsho kweCATL, iibhetri zeShenxing ezitshajiweyo ziya kuveliswa ngobuninzi kulo nyaka kwaye ziya kuba zezokuqala ukusetyenziswa kwiimodeli zeAvita.
Ibhetri ye-CATL ye-4C Kirin etshaja ngokukhawuleza esekwe kwizinto ze-ternary lithium cathode ikwaqalise imodeli yombane ecocekileyo efanelekileyo kulo nyaka, kwaye kutshanje iqalise i-supercar yokuzingela eyi-krypton luxury supercar 001FR.
Ukongeza kwiNingde Times, phakathi kwezinye iinkampani zebhetri zasekhaya, iChina New Aviation ibeke iindlela ezimbini, isikwere nesilinda esikhulu, kwicandelo lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-800V high-voltage. Iibhetri zesikwere zixhasa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-4C, kwaye iibhetri ezinkulu zesilinda zixhasa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-6C. Ngokuphathelele isisombululo sebhetri ye-prismatic, iChina Innovation Aviation inika i-Xpeng G9 isizukulwana esitsha seebhetri ze-lithium iron ezitshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye neebhetri ze-ternary ze-nickel eziphakathi eziphuhliswe ngokusekelwe kwiqonga le-800V high-voltage, elinokufikelela kwi-SOC ukusuka kwi-10% ukuya kwi-80% kwimizuzu engama-20.
I-Honeycomb Energy ikhuphe i-Dragon Scale Battery ngo-2022. Le bhetri iyahambelana nezisombululo zeenkqubo zeekhemikhali ezipheleleyo ezifana ne-iron-lithium, i-ternary, kunye ne-cobalt-free. Igubungela iinkqubo zokutshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-1.6C-6C kwaye ingafakwa kwiimodeli zochungechunge lwe-A00-D. Le modeli kulindeleke ukuba ifakwe kwimveliso enkulu kwikota yesine ka-2023.
I-Yiwei Lithium Energy iza kukhupha inkqubo yebhetri enkulu ye-π ngo-2023. Itekhnoloji yokupholisa yebhetri ethi "π" inokusombulula ingxaki yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye nokufudumeza iibhetri. Iibhetri zayo ezinkulu ze-cylindrical ezingama-46 kulindeleke ukuba ziveliswe ngobuninzi kwaye zihanjiswe kwikota yesithathu ka-2023.
Ngo-Agasti kulo nyaka, iSunwanda Company ikwaxelele abatyali-mali ukuba ibhetri "ye-flash charge" eqaliswe yinkampani ngoku kwimarike ye-BEV inokuhlengahlengiswa kwiinkqubo ze-800V high-voltage kunye ne-400V normal-voltage. Iimveliso zebhetri ye-4C ezitshaja ngokukhawuleza kakhulu zifikelele kwimveliso enkulu kwikota yokuqala. Uphuhliso lweebhetri ze-4C-6C "ze-flash charge" luqhubeka kakuhle, kwaye yonke imeko inokufikelela kubomi bebhetri be-400 kw kwimizuzu eli-10.
Ixesha leposi: Oktobha-17-2023