01. Yintoni "ukutshaja okukhulu kolwelo olupholisa kakhulu"?
umgaqo wokusebenza:
Ukutshaja okupholisiweyo ngolwelo kukuseta itshaneli ekhethekileyo yokujikeleza ulwelo phakathi kwentambo kunye nesibhamu sokutshaja. Isipholisi solwelo sokusasaza ubushushu songezwa kwitshaneli, kwaye isipholisi sijikeleziswa ngepompo yamandla ukukhupha ubushushu obuveliswayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshaja.
Inxalenye yamandla yenkqubo isebenzisa ukupholisa ulwelo ukusasaza ubushushu, kwaye akukho tshintshiselwano lomoya nokusingqongileyo kwangaphandle, ngoko ke inokufezekisa uyilo lwe-IP65. Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubo isebenzisa ifeni enkulu yomoya ukusasaza ubushushu ngengxolo ephantsi kunye nobuhlobo obuphezulu nokusingqongileyo.
02. Ziziphi iingenelo zokutshaja kakhulu ngokupholisa ulwelo?
Iingenelo zokutshaja kakhulu kolwelo xa luphola:
1. Isantya sokutshaja esikhulu kunye nesantya sokutshaja esikhawulezayo. Umbane ophumayo weinqwaba yokutshajaithintelwe yintambo yesibhamu sokutshaja. Intambo yobhedu engaphakathi kwintambo yesibhamu sokutshaja iqhuba umbane, kwaye ubushushu obuveliswa yintambo bulingana nexabiso lesikwere se-current. Okukhona umbane wokutshaja umkhulu, kokukhona ubushushu obuveliswa yintambo bukhula. Kufuneka incitshiswe. Ukuze kuthintelwe ubushushu obugqithisileyo, indawo enqamlezileyo yentambo kufuneka yonyuswe, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo intambo yesibhamu iya kuba nzima. Isibhamu sokutshaja esisemgangathweni sesizwe sama-250A sisebenzisa intambo ye-80mm2. Isibhamu sokutshaja sinzima kakhulu xa sisonke kwaye akulula ukusigoba. Ukuba ufuna ukufikelela ekutshajeni umbane omkhulu, ungasebenzisa nokutshaja ngezibhamu ezimbini, kodwa oku kukulinganisa nje isithuba sokuma kwiimeko ezithile. Isisombululo sokugqibela sokutshaja umbane ophezulu sinokutshaja kuphela ngesibhamu sokutshaja esipholileyo.
Kukho iintambo kunye nemibhobho yamanzi ngaphakathi kwesibhamu sokutshaja esipholileyo ngolwelo. Intambo ye-500A epholileyo ngolweloumpu wokutshajaidla ngokuba yi-35mm2 kuphela, kwaye ubushushu bususwa kukuhamba kwe-coolant kumbhobho wamanzi. Ngenxa yokuba intambo incinci, i-liquid-cooled charger gun ikhaphukhaphu ngama-30% ukuya kuma-40% kune-common charger gun. I-liquid-cooled charger gun ikwafuneka ixhotyiswe ngeyunithi yokupholisa, equlathe itanki yamanzi, i-water pump, i-radiator kunye ne-fan. I-water pump iqhuba i-coolant ukuba ijikeleze kumgca we-gun, izise ubushushu kwi-radiator, ize ibuvuthele yi-fan, ngaloo ndlela ifikelela kumthamo omkhulu wokuthwala kune-common cooled ngokwemvelo charger guns.
2. Intambo yesibhamu ikhaphukhaphu kwaye izixhobo zokutshaja zikhaphukhaphu.
3. Ubushushu obuncinci, ukusasazwa kobushushu ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokhuseleko oluphezulu. Imizimba yeenqwaba zeenqwaba zokutshaja eziqhelekileyo kunye neenqwaba zokutshaja ezipholileyo kancinci ziyapholiswa ngumoya ukuze zisasazeke. Umoya ungena emzimbeni weenqwaba usuka kwelinye icala, uvuthuze ubushushu bezinto zombane kunye neemodyuli zokulungisa, kwaye unyamalale emzimbeni weenqwaba kwelinye icala. Umoya uya kuxutywa nothuli, ityuwa kunye nomphunga wamanzi kwaye ufunxwe phezu kwezixhobo zangaphakathi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inkqubo ingagqumi kakuhle, ukusasazwa kobushushu okungalunganga, ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja, kunye nobomi obuphantsi bezixhobo. Kwiinqwaba zokutshaja eziqhelekileyo okanye iinqwaba zokutshaja ezipholileyo kancinci, ukusasazwa kobushushu kunye nokukhusela ziingcamango ezimbini eziphikisanayo. Ukuba ukhuseleko lulungile, ukusasazwa kobushushu kuya kuba nzima ukuyila, kwaye ukuba ukusasazwa kobushushu kulungile, ukhuseleko luya kuba nzima ukujongana nalo.
Inqwaba yokutshaja epholiswe ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi isebenzisa imodyuli yokutshaja epholiswe ngamanzi. Akukho mibhobho yomoya ngaphambili nangasemva kwemodyuli epholiswe ngamanzi. Imodyuli ixhomekeke kwi-coolant ejikeleza ngaphakathi kwipleyiti epholiswe ngamanzi ukuze itshintshiselane nobushushu nehlabathi langaphandle. Ke ngoko, inxalenye yamandla yenqwaba yokutshaja ingavalwa ngokupheleleyo ukunciphisa ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu. I-radiator ingaphandle, kwaye ubushushu buziswa kwi-radiator nge-coolant engaphakathi, kwaye umoya wangaphandle uvuthuza ubushushu kumphezulu we-radiator. Imodyuli yokutshaja epholiswe ngamanzi kunye nezixhobo zombane ezingaphakathi kwenqwaba yokutshaja azinxibelelani nokusingqongileyo kwangaphandle, ngaloo ndlela zifezekisa ukhuseleko lwe-IP65 kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu.
4. Ingxolo ephantsi yokutshaja kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko. Iinqwaba zokutshaja eziqhelekileyo kunye neenqwaba zokutshaja ezipholileyo kancinci zineemodyuli zokutshaja ezipholileyo emoyeni ezakhelwe ngaphakathi. Iimodyuli ezipholileyo emoyeni zakhiwe ngeefeni ezincinci ezininzi ezinesantya esiphezulu, kwaye ingxolo yokusebenza ifikelela ngaphezulu kwe-65db. Kukwakho neefeni zokuphola emzimbeni weenqwaba zokutshaja. Okwangoku, iinqwaba zokutshaja zisebenzisa iimodyuli ezipholileyo emoyeni Xa zisebenza ngamandla apheleleyo, ingxolo ingaphezulu kwe-70dB. Ayinampembelelo ingako emini kodwa iphazamisa kakhulu ebusuku. Ke ngoko, ingxolo enkulu kwizikhululo zokutshaja yeyona ngxaki ikhalazelwa kakhulu ngabaqhubi. Ukuba bakhalazelwa, kufuneka balungise ingxaki. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zokulungisa ziphezulu kwaye isiphumo sincinci kakhulu. Ekugqibeleni, kufuneka banciphise amandla ukuze banciphise ingxolo.
Inqwaba yokutshaja epholiswe ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi isebenzisa uyilo lokusasaza ubushushu olujikelezayo kabini. Imodyuli yokupholisa ulwelo lwangaphakathi ixhomekeke kwimpompo yamanzi ukuqhuba ukujikeleza kwe-coolant ukuze kushenxiswe ubushushu, kwaye idlulisele ubushushu obuveliswa yimodyuli kwi-fin radiator. Ukusasaza ubushushu kwangaphandle kufezekiswa ngamafeni okanye ii-air conditioner ezinesantya esiphantsi. Ubushushu buyasuswa kwisixhobo, kwaye ingxolo yefeni enesantya esiphantsi kunye nomthamo womoya omkhulu iphantsi kakhulu kuneyefeni encinci enesantya esiphezulu. Iinqwaba ezipholiswe ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi zinokusebenzisa uyilo lokusasaza ubushushu oluqhekekileyo. Njenge-air conditioner eqhekekileyo, iyunithi yokusasaza ubushushu ibekwe kude nesihlwele, kwaye inokwenza notshintshiselwano lobushushu namachibi kunye nemithombo yamanzi ukuze kufezekiswe ukusasaza ubushushu okungcono kunye neendleko eziphantsi.
5. I-TCO ephantsi
Ixabiso lezixhobo zokutshaja kwizikhululo zokutshaja kufuneka liqwalaselwe kwixabiso elipheleleyo lomjikelo wobomi (i-TCO) yenqwaba yokutshaja. Ubomi beenqwaba zokutshaja zemveli ezisebenzisa iimodyuli zokutshaja ezipholisiweyo ngumoya ngokubanzi abudluli kwiminyaka emi-5, kodwa ixesha lokuqeshisa langoku lokusebenza kwezikhululo zokutshaja liyiminyaka eyi-8-10, oko kuthetha ukuba izixhobo zokutshaja kufuneka zitshintshwe ubuncinane kube kanye ngexesha lokusebenza kwesikhululo. Kwelinye icala, ubomi benkonzo yeenqwaba zokutshaja ezipholisiweyo ngulwelo ngokupheleleyo buyiminyaka eli-10 ubuncinane, nto leyo enokubandakanya umjikelo wobomi wesikhululo. Kwangaxeshanye, xa kuthelekiswa neenqwaba zokutshaja ezisebenzisa iimodyuli ezipholisiweyo ngumoya ezifuna ukuvulwa rhoqo kweekhabhathi, ukususwa kothuli, ukugcinwa kunye neminye imisebenzi, iinqwaba zokutshaja ezipholisiweyo ngulwelo ngokupheleleyo zifuna kuphela ukuhlanjwa emva kokuba uthuli luqokelele kwi-radiator yangaphandle, okwenza ukugcinwa kube lula.
I-TCO yenkqubo yokutshaja epholiswe ngokupheleleyo lulwelo iphantsi kuneyenkqubo yokutshaja yendabuko esebenzisa iimodyuli zokutshaja ezipholiswe ngomoya, kwaye ngokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweenkqubo ezipholiswe ngokupheleleyo lulwelo, inzuzo yayo yokusebenzisa iindleko iya kubonakala ngakumbi.
03. Imeko yemarike yokutshaja okungaphezulu kolwelo
Ngokwedatha yamva nje evela kwi-China Charging Alliance, bekukho iinqwaba zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke ezingama-31,000 ngoFebruwari 2023 kunangoJanuwari 2023, ukunyuka konyaka nonyaka kwe-54.1% ngoFebruwari. Ukusukela ngoFebruwari 2023, amalungu angaphakathi kwe-alliance axele ukuba kukho iinqwaba zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke eziyi-1.869 yezigidi, kuquka ne-796,000.Iinqwaba zokutshaja zeDCkunye ne-1.072 yezigidiIinqwaba zokutshaja ze-AC.
Enyanisweni, njengoko izinga lokungena kwezithuthi ezintsha zamandla liqhubeka nokukhula kwaye izibonelelo ezixhasayo ezifana neepile zokutshaja zikhula ngokukhawuleza, ubuchwepheshe obutsha bokutshaja okupholisiweyo ngolwelo bube yeyona nto iphambili kukhuphiswano kushishino. Iinkampani ezininzi zezithuthi ezintsha zamandla kunye neenkampani zeepile nazo ziqalile ukwenza uphando lwetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso kunye noyilo lokutshaja okugqithisileyo.
I-Tesla yinkampani yokuqala yeemoto kushishino lokusasaza ii-supercharging piles ezipholisiweyo ngolwelo ngokwamaqela. Okwangoku, isasaze izikhululo ezingaphezu kwe-1,500 ze-supercharging eTshayina kunye nee-supercharging piles ezili-10,000 zizonke. I-supercharger ye-Tesla V3 isebenzisa uyilo olupholisiweyo ngolwelo ngokupheleleyo, imodyuli yokutshaja epholisiweyo ngolwelo kunye nesibhamu sokutshaja esipholisiweyo ngolwelo. Isibhamu esinye sinokutshaja ukuya kuthi ga kwi-250kW/600A, nto leyo enokunyusa uluhlu lokuhamba ngeenyawo ngeekhilomitha ezingama-250 kwimizuzu eli-15. Imodeli ye-V4 sele iza kuthunyelwa ngokwamaqela. I-charging pile ikwanyusa amandla okutshaja ukuya kwi-350kW ngesibhamu ngasinye.
Emva koko, iPorsche Taycan yaqalisa uyilo lombane oluphezulu lwe-800V okokuqala ngqa emhlabeni kwaye ixhasa ukutshaja okukhawulezayo kwe-350kW; iGreat Wall Salon Mecha Dragon 2022 global limited edition inombane ofikelela kwi-600A, i-voltage efikelela kwi-800V, kunye namandla okutshaja aphezulu e-480kW; i-GAC AION V, ene-voltage ephezulu efikelela kwi-1000V, i-current efikelela kwi-600A, kunye namandla okutshaja aphezulu e-480kW; iXiaopeng G9, imoto eyenziwe ngobuninzi eneqonga le-voltage ye-silicon carbide ye-800V, efanelekileyo ekutshajeni okukhawulezayo kwe-480kW;
04. Iyintoni indlela yexesha elizayo yokutshaja kakhulu kolwelo olupholisa kakhulu?
Intsimi yokutshaja kakhulu kokupholisa ulwelo isesencinci, inamathuba amakhulu ophuhliso kunye namathuba abanzi. Ukupholisa ulwelo sisisombululo esigqibeleleyo sokutshaja ngamandla aphezulu. Akukho ngxaki zobugcisa kuyilo kunye nemveliso yezixhobo zombane zokutshaja ngamandla aphezulu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Kubalulekile ukusombulula uqhagamshelo lwentambo ukusuka kumbane wokutshaja ngamandla aphezulu ukuya kwisibhamu sokutshaja.
Nangona kunjalo, izinga lokungena kweepali ezipholisiweyo ngolwelo ezinamandla aphezulu kwilizwe lam lisephantsi. Oku kungenxa yokuba izibhamu zokutshaja ezipholisiweyo ngolwelo zibiza kakhulu, kwaye iipali zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ziya kungenisa imakethi exabisa amakhulu eebhiliyoni ngo-2025. Ngokutsho kolwazi loluntu, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo leepali zokutshaja limalunga ne-0.4 yuan/W. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ixabiso lepali yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ye-240kW limalunga ne-96,000 yuan. Ngokwexabiso lentambo yesibhamu sokutshaja esipholisiweyo ngolwelo kwinkomfa yabezindaba yeCHINAEVSE, eyi-20,000 yuan/iseti, ixabiso lesibhamu sokutshaja esipholisiweyo ngolwelo liqikelelwa. Ibalelwa malunga ne-21% yeendleko zeepali zokutshaja, iba yeyona nto ibiza kakhulu emva kweemodyuli zokutshaja. Kulindeleke ukuba njengoko inani leemodeli ezintsha zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwamandla lisanda, indawo yemarike yamandla aphezulu.iinqwaba ezitshaja ngokukhawulezakwilizwe lam kuya kuba malunga ne-133.4 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2025.
Kwixesha elizayo, iteknoloji yokutshaja kakhulu yokupholisa ulwelo iya kuqhubeka ikhawulezisa ukungena.
Uphuhliso kunye noyilo lwetekhnoloji yokutshaja ngaphezulu kolwelo olupholisiweyo ngamandla aphezulu kusenendlela ende ekufuneka ihanjwe. Oku kufuna intsebenziswano yeenkampani zeemoto, iinkampani zebhetri, iinkampani zenqwaba kunye namanye amaqela. Kungale ndlela kuphela esinokuxhasa ngcono uphuhliso lweshishini lezithuthi zombane laseTshayina, sikhuthaze ngakumbi ukutshaja ngocwangco kunye ne-V2G, sincede ukonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya, uphuhliso oluphantsi lwekhabhoni kunye nolwelo, kunye nokukhawulezisa ukuphunyezwa kwenjongo yesicwangciso "esiphindwe kabini seKhabhoni".
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-04-2024