Yintoni i-OCPP kwaye kutheni ibalulekile?

Njengoko iimoto zombane (EVs) ziqhubeka nokutshintsha imeko yezothutho yehlabathi, amava okuhlawula angenamthungo kunye ne-intuitive abalulekile ekukhuthazeni abantu abaninzi ukuba bathathe ii-EVs. Ukufikelela kwisikhululo sokutshaja esiyinkimbinkimbi, ukuhamba ngeenethiwekhi ezininzi zokutshaja, kunye neenkqubo zokuhlawula ezingahambelaniyo zinokuba ngumqobo kubanikazi be-EV abanokubakho okanye baphazamise abo sele benzile utshintsho kwi-EV ukuhamba. I-Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) iyeza kwaye iya kuguqula i-EV yokutshaja i-ecosystem. I-OCPP yenzelwe ukwenza lula unxibelelwano phakathi kwezikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV kunye neenkqubo zolawulo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba bhetyebhetye, ukusebenzisana, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kuthungelwano lokutshaja oluqinileyo nolusebenziseka lula.

Yintoni i-OCPP-iProtokholi yeNgxowa-mali evulekileyo?

I-Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) yinkqubo yesicelo sonxibelelwano phakathi kwezikhululo zokutshaja iimoto zombane (EV) (ezaziwa ngokuba ziindawo zokutshaja ze-EV) kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lokutshaja kwe-EV (ezibizwa ngokuba yiCMS). Ngokusisiseko, i-OCPP isebenza "njengolwimi" kunye nejelo elivumela unxibelelwano olungenamthungo phakathi kwaba badlali babini babalulekileyo kwi-EV yokutshaja i-ecosystem.

I-OCPP yaqalwa ngo-2009 ukulungelelanisa intsebenziswano phakathi kweetshaja ze-EV kunye neenkqubo zolawulo. Ngaphandle kobukho beeprothokholi zobunini, i-OCPP igqame njengeqonga elivuleleke ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuvuleleka kunika abasebenzisi besikhululo sokutshaja ukuguquguquka ukuxhuma nayiphi na inethiwekhi kuyo nayiphi na isikhululo sokutshaja, ukukhuthaza ukutsha, ukhuphiswano, kunye nokufikeleleka kwishishini lokutshaja i-EV.
                                                                 

Izinto ezilungileyo ze-OCPP

1. Ukubonelela ngokuguquguquka kunye nokhuseleko kubanini bezikhululo ezihlawulisayo

I-OCPP iqinisekisa ukuba abanini bezitishi ezihlawulisayo banokutshintsha abaqhubi benethiwekhi njengoko kufuneka, ngaloo ndlela bekhusela utyalo-mali lwabo kwaye bathintele ukuphelelwa lixesha kwe-asethi. Ukuba umenzi wesikhululo sokutshaja uphuma emarikeni, abanini banokufudukela kwenye inethiwekhi ethobelayo ye-OCPP ngaphandle kokuphulukana nokusebenza. Olu khetho oluvulekileyo lukhuthaza ukhuphiswano phakathi kwabavelisi kunye nabanikezeli benethiwekhi, okunciphisa iindleko, ukuphucula inkonzo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukutsha. Nje ngeziphumo,Ukutshaja kwe-EV iziseko zophuhliso ziye zanda ngokukhawuleza, zibonelela abaqhubi be-EV ngeendlela ezingakumbi zokutshaja.

2. Ivumela unxibelelwano lwehlabathi jikelele phakathi kwezikhululo zokutshaja kunye nababoneleli benkonzo yenethiwekhi ukuba babonelele ngeendleko eziphantsi iinkonzo zegridi (ezifana nempendulo yemfuno).

Ukutshintshela kwimeko yokukhutshwa kwe-net-zero ngo-2050 kuya kuzisa ukunyuka kwemfuno yombane, eqhutywa ikakhulu kukufakelwa kombane kwezothutho, ukufudumeza ekhaya, kunye namanye amashishini. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukusasazwa ngokubanzi kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo efana nelanga kunye nomoya, isizukulwana sayo sihluka ngemozulu kunye nexesha lemini, kuye kwafaka uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kwigridi. Olu tshintsho oluguquguqukayo lubeka imingeni kuzinzo kunye nokuthembeka kwegridi, okubangela ukuba izinto eziluncedo zifune izisombululo ezintsha ezifana neenkqubo zokuphendula imfuno.

Yintoni impendulo yemfuno?

Impendulo yemfuno ibandakanya ukulinganisa imfuno yegridi ngokukhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuba batshintshe ukusebenzisa kwabo umbane kwiiyure ezingekho phezulu xa amandla eninzi okanye imfuno ingaphantsi.

Oku kudla ngokuphunyezwa ngenkuthazo yexabiso okanye ezinye iimbuyekezo zemali. Impendulo yemfuno, idibene neegridi ezihlakaniphile kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukuguquguquka kwegridi, ukunciphisa impembelelo yamandla ahlaziyekayo aguquguqukayo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwegridi ngexesha lomthwalo ophezulu.

Indima ye-OCPP kwiMpendulo yeMfuno

Ukuze iinkqubo zokusabela kwiimfuno zibe yimpumelelo, unxibelelwano olungenamthungo phakathi kweetshaja nezinto eziluncedo lubalulekile. Iitshaja kufuneka zikwazi ukulungelelanisa okanye ukunqumamisa ukusebenzisa kwazo umbane ngokusekelwe kwimfuno yegridi. I-OCPP iphakamisa amajelo asekiweyo onxibelelwano phakathi kweetshaja kunye nesoftware yolawulo ukuququzelela olu nxibelelwano.
                                                               

Izinto ezilungileyo ze-OCPP zifuna iMpendulo

· Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko: Ngokusebenzisa iziseko zonxibelelwano ezikhoyo, i-OCPP yehlisa iindleko ezongezelelweyo ezinxulumene nokuhlanganisa itshaja kwiinkqubo zokusabela kwibango.

· Ukuguquguquka okuphuculweyo: Iitshaja ezithobela i-OCPP zenza ukuba abaqhubi bathathe inxaxheba ngokufanelekileyo kumalinge olawulo lwegridi nokuqinisekisa ukuba unikezelo lombane neemfuno zilungelelene.

· Iziseko ezingundoqo zobungqina bexesha elizayo: Ngokudityaniswa ne-OCPP, uthungelwano lokutshaja lunokuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kwembonakalo yamandla kunye nokuxhasa iinzame zokuphucula igridi ebanzi.

Ngokudibanisa amandla okuphendula kwimfuno nge-OCPP, abaqhubi abanako ukufaka isandla kuphela kuzinzo lwegridi, kodwa baphucule nexabiso lothungelwano lwabo lokutshaja kwisistim yamandla ezinzileyo.

3. Ukwandisa ukwamkelwa kwe-EV ngofikelelo olumanyeneyo kunye namava alula omsebenzisi

Amava okutshaja angenamthungo kunye ne-intuitive abalulekile ekukhuthazeni abantu abaninzi ukuba basebenzise izithuthi zombane (EVs). Ukufikelela kwitshaja eyinkimbinkimbi, ukuhamba kweenethiwekhi ezininzi zokutshaja, kunye neenkqubo zokuhlawula ezingahambelaniyo zinokudimaza abanini be-EV abanokubakho okanye baphazamise abo sele benze utshintsho kwi-EV ukuhamba.

Isatifikethi se-OCPP sijongana nale mingeni ngokuseka isethi yemithetho elandelwayo emgangathweni eyandisa ukungaguquguquki kunye nokusebenzisana kuthungelwano lokutshaja. Ngokuqinisekisa okoiitshaja ukuhlangabezana nale migangatho, i-OCPP inokunciphisa imiqobo ekungeneni kwaye ikhuthaze amava omsebenzisi odibeneyo, okwenza ukutshaja kwe-EV kube lula ngakumbi.
                                                      

Eminye imiba yolwazi olungaguqukiyo lomsebenzisi olugcinwe sisiqinisekiso se-OCPP ziquka:

1. Abaqhubi baqala njani ukutshaja

2. Indlela abaqhubi abahlawula ngayo ukubiza

3. Ukufikelela kwiitshaja ezivela kwiinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo nge-app enye okanye iprofayili yentlawulo

4. Iintlawulo ezisemgangathweni kuzo zonke iinethiwekhi zokutshaja ezahlukeneyo

Owona Mfanekiso Mkhulu: Ukuxhasa Ukwamkelwa kwe-EV

Ngokunciphisa iindawo zokungqubana kwinkqubo yokutshaja, i-OCPP idala inkqubo yendalo eyenza ukuqhuba kube lula ngakumbi. Oku akuphuculi nje kuphela amava abanini be-EV abakhoyo, kodwa ikwaqinisekisa abathengi abanokubakho ukuba ukuba ne-EV kuyasebenza kwaye kulula. Isiseko sokutshaja esidityanisiweyo sakha ukuthembana kwaye sikhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwe-EV ngokubanzi, okubaluleke kakhulu ukukhawulezisa inguqu kuthutho oluzinzileyo.

Ekugqibeleni, iitshaja eziqinisekisiweyo ze-OCPP zidlala indima ephambili ekudaleni inethiwekhi yokutshaja edibeneyo kunye neyomsebenzisi-centric, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi baziva bezithembile kwaye bexhaswa njengoko besamkela itekhnoloji ye-EV.

Isebenza njani i-OCPP?

Kwicandelo langaphambili, sifunde ukuba iProtocol ye-Open Charge Point (OCPP) ibonelela ngesisombululo esimanyeneyo sendlela yokunxibelelana phakathi kwezikhululo zokutshaja kunye nayiphi na inkqubo ephakathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba umthengisi.

I-OCPP yindlela yonxibelelwano phakathiIzikhululo zokutshaja ze-EVkunye neenkqubo zolawulo lokutshaja kwe-EV. Icandelo elilandelayo lichaza ukuba i-OCPP inceda njani la maqela mabini ahlukeneyo kwi-EV yokutshaja i-ecosystem anxibelelane omnye nomnye, kwaye yeyiphi eminye imisebenzi enayo ukongeza kunxibelelwano.

1. Utshintshiselwano lomyalezo

I-OCPP ivumela izikhululo zokutshaja kunye neenkqubo zolawulo ukutshintshiselana ngemiyalezo malunga nobume bangoku besikhululo sokutshaja.

Umzekelo, imiyalezo inokubandakanya:

· Nokuba itshaja ikhona, iyasebenza, okanye ifuna ukulungiswa

· Xa inkqubo yokutshaja iqala okanye iyeka

· Usetyenziso lwangoku okanye imitha yexesha lokuhlala

· Ulwazi loxilongo lwesikhululo sokutshaja

2. Ukubeka iliso kude

Abaqhubi beendawo zokutshaja banokusebenzisa i-OCPP ukujonga bekude izikhululo zabo zokutshaja.

3. Ugunyaziso

Abaqhubi beendawo zokutshaja banokusebenzisa i-OCPP ukugunyazisa ukufikelela kwizikhululo zokutshaja.

4. Uhlaziyo lweFirmware

Inkqubo yolawulo inokuthumela isicelo sohlaziyo lwe-firmware kwisikhululo sokutshaja, esinokuthi emva koko siqinisekise kwaye senze uhlaziyo.

5. Intlawulo kunye neBhili

Abaqhubi beendawo zokutshaja banokusebenzisa i-OCPP ukudibanisa iintlawulo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zokuhlawula.

6. Ukutshaja ngobuchule

I-OCPP ixhasa iimpawu zokutshaja ngobuchule ezifana nokulinganisa umthwalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweprofayile yokutshaja.

7. Inkqubo yokuPhendula ngeMfuno

I-OCPP ivumela iitshaja ukuba zinxibelelane negridi okanye iinkqubo eziluncedo, ezinceda ukulawula imfuno yombane.

Intshayelelo kwiinguqulelo ezikhoyo ze-OCPP kwimarike

Kwi-2010, i-Open Charge Point Protocol 1.2 yakhululwa, kwaye i-OCPP 1.5 yakhululwa ngo-2013. Ezi nguqulelo zangaphambili azisagcinwa ngokusebenzayo yi-OCA, ngoko ke sazisa iinguqulelo ezilandelayo, ezizezi OCPP 1.6 ezikhutshwe kwi-2015 kunye ne-OCPP 2.0.1 ikhutshwe kwi-2020 OCPP2. iyahambelana. I-OCPP 2.1 kulindeleke ukuba ikhutshwe kwikota yokuqala ye-2025.
                                                  

Iintlobo ezimbini zokuphunyezwa kwe-OCPP

I-SOAP: I-Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) yiprotocol esekelwe kumyalezo esebenzisa i-XML ukumela idatha. I-SOAP sisikhokelo esivumela ukuba imiyalezo ithunyelwe phakathi kwamacandelo kwi-Intanethi. Inzuzo ye-SOAP kukuba umgangatho uquka imisebenzi yokuthumela kunye nokufumana imiyalezo. Oku kwenza ukuba ukuphunyezwa ngokukhawuleza kwenzeke.

I-JSON: I-JavaScript Object Notation yifomati yokutshintshiselana ngedatha elula ekulula ukuba abantu bayifunde kwaye bayibhale, kwaye kulula ukuba oomatshini bacazulule kwaye benze. Kulula ukufunda nokubhala kune-XML. Isekwe kwiseti esezantsi yeJavaScript.

I-OCPP1.6

I-OCPP 1.6 yakhela kwi-OCPP 1.5, idibanisa iminyaka yamava asebenzayo kunye nezicelo eziyimpumelelo emhlabeni jikelele. Ukususela ekuqalisweni kwayo kwi-2012, i-OCPP 1.5 iphunyezwe ngokubanzi ngababoneleli kunye nezinto eziluncedo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngesi siseko,I-OCPP 1.6 yazisa uphuculo oluninzi, kubandakanya amandla okutshaja ahlakaniphile kunye nenkxaso ye-JSON kunye neSEPHA ngaphezulu kweWebSocket.

Le nguqulo ikwabandakanya uphuculo oluninzi, olufana namaxwebhu acacileyo kunye nohlaziyo lokuphucula ukusebenzisana phakathi kweemveliso zabathengisi abahlukeneyo. Iimpawu ezinkulu ezintsha ziquka izakhono zokuxilonga ezandisiweyo (ezifana neekhowudi zesizathu), imeko eyongezelelweyo yokutshaja, kunye nezakhono ze-TriggerMessage, zonke eziyilelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemarike.

I-OCPP 1.6 igcina umsebenzi ophambili wenguqu yangaphambili kwaye iqalise inani lohlaziyo kunye nokulungiswa kwemiba eyaziwayo engabonakaliyo eyenza ukuba ingahambelani ne-OCPP 1.5. Olu phuculo lujonge ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezingcono kubaqhubi besikhululo sokutshaja (ii-CPO) kunye namava angcono kubaqhubi bezithuthi zombane kwihlabathi jikelele.

Iimpawu ze-OCPP 1.6 ziquka:

· OCPP 1.5

· Iinguqulelo zeSEPHA kunye ne-JSON

· Ukutshaja ngobuchule kuxhasa ukulinganisa komthwalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweeprofayili zokutshaja

· (Local) inkxaso yolawulo loluhlu

· Amazwe ongezelelweyo: Yongeza imimandla eyongezelelweyo kwindawo yentlawulo yobhaliso lwelizwe ukubonelela ngee-CPO kunye nabasebenzisi bokugqibela ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nemeko yangoku yendawo yentlawulo.

· Izicelo zokuthumela imiyalezo, njengexesha leCP okanye ubume beCP

· Ukuphuculwa kwengcaciso encinci (xa kuthelekiswa ne-OCPP 1.5)
                                              

I-OCPP 2.0.1

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-OCPP 1.6, i-OCPP 2.0.1 izisa iimpawu eziphuculweyo kunye nobuchule obutsha. Nangona kunjalo, olu phuculo lwenza ukuba i-OCPP 2.0.1 ingahambelani neenguqulelo zangaphambili (umz. OCPP 1.6 kunye ne-OCPP 1.5).

Iimpawu ezintsha ze-OCPP 2.0.1 vs. OCPP 1.6

1. Ulawulo lweDivaysi (eyaziwa ngokuba yiModeli yeDivaysi) isetyenziselwa ukufumana kunye nokuseta ulungelelwaniso kunye nokubeka iliso kwizitishi zokutshaja.

Ulawulo lweDivaysi (eyaziwa ngokuba yiModeli yesiXhobo) yinto elinde ixesha elide, ngakumbi yamkelwa yi-CSOs elawula (i-complex) inethiwekhi yezikhululo zokutshaja (ukusuka kubathengisi abahlukeneyo).

Ibonelela ngezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ingxelo yoluhlu lwempahla

• Ukuphuculwa kweempazamo kunye nengxelo yobume

• Ubume obuphuculweyo

• Ukubeka iliso okulungiselelweyo

Konke oku kunceda ii-CSOs ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenzisa uthungelwano lwesikhululo sokutshaja.

Abavelisi bezitishi zokutshajabakhululekile ukugqiba ukuba lungakanani ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nezikhululo zabo zokutshaja ezinokupapasha ngazo

Ulawulo lweSixhobo: umzekelo, banokuthatha isigqibo malunga nokuba yintoni enokubekwa iliso kwaye yintoni engenakubekwa iliso.

2. Uphuculo lokusingatha ngcono iintengiselwano ezinkulu

• Umyalezo omnye uquka yonke imisebenzi enxulumene nentengiselwano

• Ukuncitshiswa kwedatha

I-OCPP 1.6 yazisa ukuthuthwa kwe-JSON ngokusekelwe kwiiWebsockets, ezinokunciphisa kakhulu i-traffic data yeselula. I-OCPP 2.0 yazisa inkxaso yokunyanzeliswa kweWebSocket, ngakumbi ukunciphisa inani ledatha.

3. Uphuculo kukhuseleko lonxibelelwano

Olu phuculo lulandelayo longezwe ukomeleza isakhono se-OCPP sokuxhathisa uhlaselo lwe-cyber:

• Iiprofayili zokhuseleko (amanqanaba ama-3) kwisikhululo sokutshaja kunye/okanye uqinisekiso lwe-CSMS nokhuseleko lonxibelelwano

• Ulawulo oluphambili lwezatifikethi zabaxumi

• Khusela uhlaziyo lwe-firmware

• Iilog zesiganeko sokhuseleko

4. Ukutshaja okuhlakaniphile okwandisiweyo

Kwi-OCPP 2.0.1, ukusebenza kokutshaja okuhlakaniphile kwandisiwe (xa kuthelekiswa ne-OCPP 1.6) ukuxhasa:

• Igalelo elithe ngqo lokutshaja elisuka kwisixokelelwano solawulo lwamandla (EMS) ukuya kwisitishi sokutshaja

• Ukutshaja okuphuculweyo nabalawuli basekuhlaleni

• Inkxaso yokutshaja okuhlanganisiweyo kwe-CSMS,izikhululo zokutshajakunye nezithuthi zombane.

5. Inkxaso ye-ISO 15118

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-IEC 61851, umgangatho we-ISO 15118 yiprotocol entsha ye-EVSE kunxibelelwano lwe-EV. I-ISO 15118 ivumela amanqaku amaninzi amatsha kunye nonxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo phakathi kwe-EVSE kunye ne-EV. I-OCPP 2.0.1 ixhasa umgangatho we-ISO 15118, kunye neempawu ezintsha ziquka:

• Iplagi kunye nokuTshaja

• Ukutshaja ngobuchule, kuquka igalelo eliphuma kwisithuthi sombane

6. Ukuphucula amava omthengi

• Ukhetho logunyaziso oluninzi

• Bonisa imiyalezo

• Ulwimi olukhethwa ngumqhubi we-EV

• Iintlawulo nemirhumo

7. Iprothokholi yezothutho: Uphuculo lwe-OCPP-J

• Uthungelwano lomyalezo olulula

• Akukho nkxaso yeSEPHA