Yintoni i-OCPP kwaye kutheni ibalulekile?

Njengoko izithuthi zombane (ii-EV) ziqhubeka nokutshintsha imeko yezothutho lwehlabathi, amava okutshaja angenamthungo naqondakalayo abalulekile ekukhuthazeni abantu abaninzi ukuba basebenzise ii-EV. Ukufikelela kwizikhululo zokutshaja ezintsonkothileyo, ukuhamba kwiinethiwekhi ezininzi zokutshaja, kunye neenkqubo zokuhlawula ezingaguqukiyo kunokuba yinto ethintelayo kubanini be-EV abanokubakho okanye ecaphukisayo kwabo sele betshintshele kwi-EV mobility. I-Open Charge Point Protocol (i-OCPP) iyeza kwaye iya kutshintsha inkqubo yokutshaja ye-EV. I-OCPP yenzelwe ukwenza lula unxibelelwano phakathi kwezikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV kunye neenkqubo zolawulo, ukuqinisekisa ukuguquguquka, ukusebenzisana, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenethiwekhi yokutshaja eqinileyo nelula ukuyisebenzisa.

Yintoni i-OCPP – iProtokholi yePosi yokuTshaja eVulekileyo?

I-Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) yinkqubo yesicelo sonxibelelwano phakathi kwezikhululo zokutshaja zezithuthi zombane (EV) (ezaziwa ngokuba zii-EV charging points) kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lokutshaja ze-EV (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-CMS). Ngokusisiseko, i-OCPP isebenza "njengolwimi" oluqhelekileyo kunye nomjelo ovumela unxibelelwano olungenamthungo phakathi kwaba badlali babini babalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokutshaja ye-EV.

I-OCPP yaqalwa ngo-2009 ukuze ilungelelanise ukusebenzisana phakathi kweetshaja ze-EV kunye neenkqubo zolawulo. Nangona kukho iiprotokholi ezizimeleyo, i-OCPP ivelele njengeqonga elivulelekileyo ngokupheleleyo. Olu vuleko lunika abasebenzisi bezikhululo zokutshaja ithuba lokuqhagamshela nayiphi na inethiwekhi kuyo nayiphi na isikhululo sokutshaja, nto leyo ekhuthaza ubuchule, ukhuphiswano, kunye nokufikeleleka kushishino lokutshaja kwe-EV.
                                                                 

Iingenelo ze-OCPP

1. Ukubonelela ngokuguquguquka nokhuseleko kubanini bezikhululo zokutshaja

I-OCPP iqinisekisa ukuba abanini bezitishi zokutshaja banokutshintsha abaqhubi benethiwekhi njengoko kufuneka, ngaloo ndlela bekhusela utyalo-mali lwabo kwaye bathintele ukuphelelwa lixesha kweeasethi. Ukuba umenzi wezitishi zokutshaja uphuma kwimarike, abanini banokufudukela kwenye inethiwekhi ethobela i-OCPP ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi. Olu khetho luvulelekileyo lukhuthaza ukhuphiswano phakathi kwabavelisi kunye nababoneleli benethiwekhi, nto leyo enciphisa iindleko, iphucula inkonzo, kwaye ikhuthaza uyilo olutsha. Ngenxa yoko,Ukutshaja kwe-EV Iziseko zophuhliso zande ngokukhawuleza, zibonelela abaqhubi be-EV ngeendlela zokutshaja ezingakumbi.

2. Ivumela unxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo phakathi kwezikhululo zokutshaja kunye nababoneleli beenkonzo zenethiwekhi ukuba banikezele ngeenkonzo zegridi ngendlela engabizi kakhulu (njengokuphendula kwemfuno).

Utshintsho oluya kwimeko yokukhupha umbane ngaphandle kokukhupha umbane ngo-2050 luza kuzisa ukunyuka kwemfuno yombane, eqhutywa ikakhulu kukufakelwa kombane kwezothutho, ukufudumeza amakhaya, kunye namanye amashishini. Kwangaxeshanye, ukusasazwa ngokubanzi kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo efana nelanga nomoya, apho ukuveliswa kwawo kuyahluka ngokwemozulu kunye nexesha losuku, kukwabeke uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kwigridi. Olu tshintsho lutshintshayo lubangela imingeni kuzinzo lwegridi kunye nokuthembeka kwayo, nto leyo ekhuthaza iinkonzo ukuba zifune izisombululo ezintsha ezifana neenkqubo zokuphendula imfuno.

Iyintoni impendulo yemfuno?

Impendulo yemfuno ibandakanya ukulinganisela imfuno yegridi ngokukhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuba batshintshele ekusebenziseni umbane kwiiyure ezingezizo ezokukhawuleza xa amandla amaninzi okanye imfuno incinci.

Oku kudla ngokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa izikhuthazo zamaxabiso okanye ezinye izibonelelo zemali. Impendulo yemfuno, kunye neegridi ezikrelekrele kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukuguquguquka kwegridi, ukunciphisa impembelelo yamandla avuselelekayo aguquguqukayo, kunye nokuqinisekisa uzinzo lwegridi ngexesha leeyure zomthwalo ophezulu.

Indima ye-OCPP kwiMpendulo yeMfuno

Ukuze iinkqubo zokuphendula imfuno ziphumelele, unxibelelwano olungenamthungo phakathi kweetshaja kunye neenkonzo zikarhulumente lubalulekile. Iitshaja kufuneka zikwazi ukulungisa okanye ukumisa ukusetyenziswa kombane ngokuguquguqukayo ngokusekelwe kwimfuno yegridi. I-OCPP isebenzisa iindlela ezimiselweyo zokunxibelelana phakathi kweetshaja kunye nesoftware yolawulo ukuze kube lula olu nxibelelwano.
                                                               

Iingenelo zeMpendulo ye-OCPP

· Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko: Ngokusebenzisa iziseko zonxibelelwano ezikhoyo, i-OCPP inciphisa iindleko ezongezelelweyo ezinxulumene nokudibanisa iitshaja kwiinkqubo zokuphendula imfuno.

· Ukuguquguquka okuphuculweyo: Iitshaja ezithobela i-OCPP zivumela abaqhubi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ngokufanelekileyo kwimizamo yolawulo lwegridi kwaye baqinisekise ukuba umbane kunye neemfuno ziyalingana.

· Iziseko zophuhliso ezikhuselekileyo kwixesha elizayo: Xa zidityaniswe ne-OCPP, iinethiwekhi zokutshaja zinokuziqhelanisa notshintsho lwemeko yamandla kwaye zixhase imizamo yokuhlaziya igridi ngokubanzi.

Ngokudibanisa amandla okuphendula imfuno nge-OCPP, abaqhubi abanakukwazi nje ukufaka isandla kuzinzo lwegridi, kodwa bakwanokuphucula ixabiso leenethiwekhi zabo zokutshaja kwinkqubo yamandla ezinzileyo.

3. Ukwandisa ukwamkelwa kwe-EV ngokufikelela okudibeneyo kunye namava omsebenzisi alula

Amava okutshaja angenamthungo naqondakala lula abalulekile ekukhuthazeni abantu abaninzi ukuba basebenzise izithuthi zombane (ii-EV). Ukufikelela kwitshaja enzima, ukuhamba kwiinethiwekhi ezininzi zokutshaja, kunye neenkqubo zokuhlawula ezingaguqukiyo zinokubenza bangabi namandla abanini be-EV okanye zibaphazamise abo sele betshintshele kwi-EV mobility.

Isatifikethi se-OCPP sijongana nale mingeni ngokuseka iseti yeenkqubo ezisemgangathweni eziphucula ukuhambelana kunye nokusebenzisana kwiinethiwekhi zokutshaja.iitshaja Ukuba ihlangabezana nale migangatho, i-OCPP inokunciphisa imiqobo yokungena kwaye ikhuthaze amava omsebenzisi adibeneyo, okwenza ukutshaja kwe-EV kube lula ngakumbi.
                                                      

Ezinye izinto ezichaphazela amava omsebenzisi ahlala esetyenziswa yi-OCPP certification ziquka:

1. Indlela abaqhubi abaqala ngayo ukutshaja

2. Indlela abaqhubi abahlawula ngayo ukutshaja

3. Ukufikelela kwiitshaja ezivela kwiinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo ngokusebenzisa usetyenziso olunye okanye iprofayili yokuhlawula

4. Ukuhlawuliswa okusemgangathweni kwiinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo zokutshaja

Umfanekiso Omkhulu: Ukuxhasa Ukwamkelwa Kwee-EV

Ngokunciphisa iindawo zokungqubana kwinkqubo yokutshaja, i-OCPP idala inkqubo yendalo eyenza ukuqhuba kube lula ngakumbi. Oku akuphuculi nje kuphela amava kubanini be-EV abakhoyo, kodwa kukwaqinisekisa abathengi abanokubakho ukuba ukuba ne-EV kuyasebenza kwaye kulula. Isiseko sokutshaja esidibeneyo sakha ukuthembana kwaye sikhuthaza ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwe-EV, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ekukhawuleziseni ukutshintshela kuthutho oluzinzileyo.

Ekugqibeleni, iitshaja eziqinisekisiweyo ze-OCPP zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekudaleni inethiwekhi yokutshaja edibeneyo nejolise kubasebenzisi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi baziva beqinisekile kwaye bexhaswa njengoko besebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-EV.

Isebenza njani i-OCPP?

Kwicandelo elingaphambili, sifunde ukuba i-Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) inika isisombululo esidibeneyo sendlela yonxibelelwano phakathi kwezikhululo zokutshaja kunye nayo nayiphi na inkqubo ephakathi, nokuba ngumthengisi.

I-OCPP yindlela yonxibelelwano phakathiIzikhululo zokutshaja ze-EVkunye neenkqubo zolawulo lokutshaja kwe-EV. Icandelo elilandelayo lichaza indlela i-OCPP enceda ngayo la maqela mabini ahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yokutshaja ye-EV ukuba anxibelelane, kunye neminye imisebenzi enayo ukongeza kunxibelelwano.

1. Utshintshiselwano lweMiyalezo

I-OCPP ivumela izikhululo zokutshaja kunye neenkqubo zolawulo ukuba zitshintshiselane ngemiyalezo malunga nemeko yangoku yesikhululo sokutshaja.

Umzekelo, imiyalezo ingabandakanya:

· Nokuba itshaja iyafumaneka, iyasebenza, okanye ifuna ukulungiswa

· Xa inkqubo yokutshaja iqala okanye iyeka

· Imitha yexesha lokusetyenziswa ngoku okanye ixesha lokuhlala

· Ulwazi lokuxilonga isikhululo sokutshaja

2. Ukubeka esweni kude

Abaqhubi beendawo zokutshaja banokusebenzisa i-OCPP ukujonga izikhululo zabo zokutshaja bekude.

3. Ugunyaziso

Abaqhubi beendawo zokutshaja banokusebenzisa i-OCPP ukugunyazisa ukufikelela kwizikhululo zokutshaja.

4. Uhlaziyo lweFirmware

Inkqubo yolawulo ingathumela isicelo sohlaziyo lwe-firmware kwisikhululo sokutshaja, esinokuthi emva koko siqinisekise kwaye senze uhlaziyo.

5. Intlawulo kunye nokuBiza

Abaqhubi beenombolo zokutshaja banokusebenzisa i-OCPP ukudibanisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlawula kunye nokuhlawula.

6. Ukutshaja ngobuchule

I-OCPP ixhasa iimpawu zokutshaja ezikrelekrele ezifana nokulinganisela umthwalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweprofayili yokutshaja.

7. Inkqubo yokuphendula kwiMfuno

I-OCPP ivumela iitshaja ukuba zinxibelelane neenkqubo zegridi okanye zeenkonzo, nto leyo enceda ekulawuleni imfuno yombane.

Intshayelelo kwiinguqulelo ze-OCPP ezikhoyo kwimarike

Ngowama-2010, i-Open Charge Point Protocol 1.2 yakhutshwa, kwaye i-OCPP 1.5 yakhutshwa ngowama-2013. Ezi nguqulelo zokuqala azisagcinwa ngokusebenzayo yi-OCA, ngoko ke sazisa iinguqulelo ezilandelayo, ezizezi i-OCPP 1.6 eyakhutshwa ngowama-2015 kunye ne-OCPP 2.0.1 eyakhutshwa ngowama-2020. I-OCPP 2.1 kunye ne-OCPP 2.0.1 ziyahambelana ngasemva. I-OCPP 2.1 kulindeleke ukuba ikhutshwe kwikota yokuqala ka-2025.
                                                  

Iindidi ezimbini zokuphunyezwa kwe-OCPP

I-SOAP: I-Simple Object Access Protocol (i-SOAP) yiprotokholi esekelwe kwimiyalezo esebenzisa i-XML ukumela idatha. I-SOAP yisakhelo esivumela imiyalezo ukuba ithunyelwe phakathi kwezinto kwi-Intanethi. Inzuzo ye-SOAP kukuba umgangatho ugubungela imisebenzi yokuthumela nokufumana imiyalezo. Oku kwenza ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukuphunyezwa ngokukhawuleza.

I-JSON: I-JavaScript Object Notation yifomathi elula yokutshintshiselana kwedatha elula ukuyifunda nokuyibhala ebantwini, kwaye kulula ukuba oomatshini bayihlalutye baze bayivelise. Kulula ukuyifunda nokuyibhala kune-XML. Isekelwe kwi-subset yeJavaScript.

I-OCPP1.6

I-OCPP 1.6 yakhela kwi-OCPP 1.5, ibandakanya iminyaka yamava asebenzayo kunye nezicelo eziphumeleleyo kwihlabathi liphela. Ukusukela oko yasungulwa ngo-2012, i-OCPP 1.5 iye yasetyenziswa kakhulu ngababoneleli kunye neenkonzo zombane kwihlabathi liphela. Ngenxa yesi sizathu,I-OCPP 1.6 yazisa uphuculo olukhulu oluninzi, kubandakanya amandla okutshaja ngobuchule kunye nenkxaso yeJSON kunye neSOAP kwiWebSocket.

Le nguqulelo ikwabandakanya uphuculo oluninzi, olufana namaxwebhu acacileyo kunye nohlaziyo lokuphucula ukusebenzisana phakathi kweemveliso zabathengisi abahlukeneyo. Iimpawu ezintsha eziphambili ziquka amandla okwandisiweyo okuxilonga (njengeekhowudi zesizathu), imeko eyongezelelweyo yeendawo zokutshaja, kunye nobuchule beTriggerMessage, zonke ezenzelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemarike ngcono.

I-OCPP 1.6 igcina umsebenzi oyintloko wenguqulelo yangaphambili kwaye ingenisa inani lohlaziyo kunye nokulungiswa kweengxaki ezingaziwayo ezenza ukuba ingahambelani ne-OCPP 1.5. Olu phuculo lujoliswe ekuboneleleni ngeenkonzo ezingcono kubaqhubi bezikhululo zokutshaja (ii-CPO) kunye namava angcono kubaqhubi bezithuthi zombane kwihlabathi liphela.

Iimpawu ze-OCPP 1.6 ziquka:

· I-OCPP 1.5

· Iinguqulelo zeSOAP kunye neJSON

· Ukutshaja okuhlakaniphileyo kuxhasa ukulinganisela umthwalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweeprofayili zokutshaja

· Inkxaso yolawulo loluhlu (lwendawo)

· Iimeko ezongezelelweyo: Yongeza iimeko ezongezelelweyo kubalo lwemeko yeendawo zokutshaja ukuze inike ii-CPO kunye nabasebenzisi bokugqibela ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nemeko yangoku yendawo yokutshaja

· Izicelo zokuthumela imiyalezo, ezinje ngexesha le-CP okanye imeko ye-CP

· Uphuculo oluncinci lweenkcukacha (xa kuthelekiswa ne-OCPP 1.5)
                                              

I-OCPP 2.0.1

Xa ithelekiswa ne-OCPP 1.6, i-OCPP 2.0.1 izisa iimpawu eziphuculweyo kunye nezakhono ezintsha. Nangona kunjalo, olu phuculo lwenza i-OCPP 2.0.1 ingahambelani neenguqulelo zangaphambili (umz. i-OCPP 1.6 kunye ne-OCPP 1.5).

Iimpawu Ezintsha OCPP 2.0.1 vs. OCPP 1.6

1. Uphawu lwe-Device Management (olwaziwa ngokuba yi-Device Model) lusetyenziselwa ukufumana nokuseta uqwalaselo kunye nokujonga izikhululo zokutshaja.

Ulawulo lweZixhobo (okwaziwa ngokuba yiModeli yeZixhobo) luphawu olulindelwe ixesha elide, oluvunywa ngakumbi zii-CSO ezilawula iinethiwekhi (ezintsonkothileyo) zezikhululo zokutshaja (ezivela kubathengisi abahlukeneyo).

Inika ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ingxelo yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo

• Ukuphuculwa kwengxelo yeempazamo kunye nesimo

• Ulungelelwaniso oluphuculweyo

• Ukubeka esweni okunokwenziwa ngokwezifiso

Konke oku kunceda ii-CSO ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kwenethiwekhi yesitishi sokutshaja.

Abavelisi bezikhululo zokutshajabakhululekile ukugqiba ukuba bapapashe ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga neendawo zabo zokutshaja

Ulawulo lweZixhobo: umzekelo, banokugqiba kwelokuba yintoni enokubekwa esweni nengenakubekwa esweni.

2. Uphuculo lokusingatha ngcono iintengiselwano ezinkulu

• Umyalezo omnye ugubungela yonke imisebenzi enxulumene nokuthengiselana

• Ukunciphisa idatha

I-OCPP 1.6 yazisa uthutho lwe-JSON olusekelwe kwi-Websockets, olunokunciphisa kakhulu ithrafikhi yedatha yeselula. I-OCPP 2.0 yazisa inkxaso yokucinezelwa kweWebSocket, nto leyo eyanciphisa ngakumbi ubungakanani bedatha.

3. Uphuculo kukhuseleko lwe-intanethi

Olu phuculo lulandelayo longezwe ukomeleza amandla e-OCPP okumelana nohlaselo lwe-cyber:

• Iiprofayili zokhuseleko (amanqanaba ama-3) zesikhululo sokutshaja kunye/okanye ukuqinisekiswa kwe-CSMS kunye nokhuseleko lonxibelelwano

• Ulawulo oluphambili lwezatifikethi zabathengi

• Uhlaziyo olukhuselekileyo lwe-firmware

• Iirekhodi zeziganeko zokhuseleko

4. Ukutshaja okukrelekrele okwandisiweyo

Kwi-OCPP 2.0.1, ukusebenza kokutshaja okukrelekrele kwandisiwe (xa kuthelekiswa ne-OCPP 1.6) ukuxhasa:

• Igalelo lokutshaja elikrelekrele ngqo ukusuka kwinkqubo yolawulo lwamandla (EMS) ukuya kwisikhululo sokutshaja

• Ukutshaja okuphuculweyo ngobuchule ngabalawuli bendawo

• Inkxaso yokutshaja okudibeneyo kwe-CSMS,izikhululo zokutshajakunye nezithuthi zombane.

5. Inkxaso ye-ISO 15118

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-IEC 61851, umgangatho we-ISO 15118 yiprotokholi entsha yonxibelelwano lwe-EVSE ukuya kwi-EV. I-ISO 15118 ivumela iimpawu ezininzi ezintsha kunye nonxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo phakathi kwe-EVSE kunye ne-EV. I-OCPP 2.0.1 ixhasa umgangatho we-ISO 15118, kwaye iimpawu ezintsha ziquka:

• Iplagi kunye nokutshaja

• Ukutshaja ngobuchule, kuquka igalelo elivela kwisithuthi sombane

6. Phucula amava abathengi

• Ezinye iindlela zogunyaziso

• Bonisa imiyalezo

• Ulwimi olukhethwa ngumqhubi we-EV

• Iirhafu kunye neentlawulo

7. Iprotokholi yezothutho: Uphuculo lwe-OCPP-J

• Ukuhambisa imiyalezo ngokulula

• Akukho nkxaso yeSOAP